MCQs for Fundamentals for Rural Development to Solve:

 MCQs for Fundamentals for Rural Development to Solve:

Link1:

https://forms.gle/8zqDkyyKp6ThAy6p7

MCQs for Fundamentals of Rural Development

 MCQs for Fundamentals of Rural Development

Q.1) What is PPP?

a) Purchasing Power Parity

b) Purchasing People Parity

c) Purchasing Product Parity

d) Purchasing Price Parity

Q.2) Urban areas are also known as

a) Metropolitians

b) Village

c) Hamlet

d) Town

Q.3) Rural areas are also known as

a) Countryside

b) City

c) Town

d) Urban

Q.4) Rural Development implies raising the ________status of the rural population

a) Social

b) Economical

c) Political

d) Technological

Q.5) Mahatma Gandhi had viewed development of rural areas through eradication of ________

A) Poverty

b) Wealth

c) Infrastructure

d) Education

Q.6) Rabindranath Tagore’s view towards development of people in villages was centred around creation of  ____

a) Happiness

b) Wealth

c) Poverty

d) Social status

Q.7) _____approach presumes that the growth centers have a geographical spread effect that the regions which are deficient in terms of infrastructure or resources needs to be adequately developed.

a) Participatory

b) Target

c) Sectoral

d) Area Development

Q.8) NGO refers to ______-

a) Non Geographical Organisation

b) Non Global Organisation

c) Non Government Organisation

d) Non Glacier Organisation

Q.9) SHG refers to_____

a) Self Happiness Groups

b) Self Healthy Groups

c) Self Hunger Groups

d) Self Help Groups

Q.10) _______ is a development course designed to create conditions of economic and social progress for the whole community with its active participation.

a) Community Development

b) PRA

c) Target Approach

d) Enterprise Planning

Q.11) ________ is the principal organ at the district level to manage and oversee the implementation of different anti poverty programmes of the Ministry and Rural Development

a) PRA

b) DRDA

c) Planning Commission

d) Panchyat

Q.12) _______ refers to an organization formed by a group of private persons, registered under the society registrations act of 1860 for performing functions or allocated on behalf of government.

a) DRDA

b) PRI

c) NGO

d) NITI Aayog

Q13) NGO’S with charitable orientation focuses on 

a) Needs of the poor

b) Provision of healthcare

c) Empowering poor people

d) Local Participation

Q.14) NGO’s with service orientation focuses on

a) Needs of the poor

b) Provision of healthcare

c) Empowering poor people

d) Local Participation

Q.15) OXFAM and CARE are ____NGO’s

a) National

b) Regional

c) International

d) Domestic

Q. 16) _______ is defined as a self governed, peer controlled information group of people with similar economic background and having a desire to collectively perform common purpose.

a) SHG

b) NGO

c) PRI

d) DRDA

Q.17) The _______ is the economic agent who unites all means of production and the labour force for which he pays as well as profits belonging to himself.

a) Entreprenuer

b) NGO

c) Employee

d) Employer

Q.18) ________ is a self motivated business manager who performs various agri based activities I order to accomplish a certain goal

a) Agriprenuer

b) NGO

c) Employee

d) Manager

Q.19) The term agribusiness is coined by ______

a) Michael Peter

b) John Davis

c) Ewell Roy

d) Steve Jobs

Q.20) ______ is a process which starts with a decision to produce a saleable farm commodity and involves all aspects of a market structure or system.

a) Agricultural Marketing

b) Entrepreneurship

c) Promotion

d) Advertising

Q.21) Farmers are assured of _______ at which the government will be ready to purchase agricultural products.

a) Maximum Price

b) Minimum support price

c) Tensile Price

d) Insurance

Q.22) _____ seeks to network the existing APMC and other market yards to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities.

a) PRI

b) CDD

c) NAM

d) DAM

Q.23) Apni Mandi is _______ marketing channel

a) Alternative

b) Basic

c) Complex

d) Intermediate

Q.24) ______ is the supply of loans, savings, Insurance and other basic financial services to the poor.

a) Microfinance

b) Corporate Finance

c) Retail Finance

d) Macro Finance

Q.25) NABARD refers to_____

a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

b) National Bank for Agreement and Rural Development

c) National Bank for Association and Rural Development

d) National bank for Allied and Rural Development

RM Question Answers/Notes

RM Question Answers/Notes

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XPWPKuG1QU1KnbYlNvVFKIhyvW1dW7Im/view?usp=share_link 

Research Methodology

 Research Methodology

A. Solve the MCQ

https://forms.gle/DpDuqATTDe6aLP2EA

B.PPT

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1fWaL7ZlwemPbaSeeyQSflLq9TtdMGxNSHTIjlSJ4ds8/edit?usp=sharing

C.PPT

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/10lW20-REmeMNGowDyFxbZpJv1y70sa9DgzNLBFdvr28/edit?usp=sharing

D.PPT

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1r-1NJCIbya7YeKSULh40Rsg24_P2uhjyjmt_hDOpP9o/edit?usp=sharing

Marketing Environment Analysis and Strategies -Notes

 Meaning of Marketing Environment:

 The marketing environment refers to all internal and external factors, which directly or indirectly influence the organization’s decisions related to marketing activities. Internal factors are within the control of an organization; whereas, external factors do not fall within its control. The external factors include government, technological, economical, social, and competitive forces; whereas, organization’s strengths, weaknesses, and competencies form the part of internal factors. Marketers try to predict the changes, which might take place in future, by monitoring the marketing environment. These changes may create threats and opportunities for the business. With these changes, marketers continue to modify their strategies and plans.

A marketing environment mostly comprises of the following types of environment:

1. Micro Environment

2. Macro Environment

The discussion of these environments are given below:

1. Micro Environment:

Micro environment refers to the environment, which is closely linked to the organization,

and directly affects organizational activities. It can be divided into supply side and

demand side environment. Supply side environment includes the suppliers, marketing

intermediaries, and competitors who offer raw materials or supply products. On the

other hand, demand side environment includes customers who consume products.

Let us discuss the micro environment forces in the following points:

i. Suppliers:

It provides raw material to produce goods and services. Suppliers can influence the

profit of an organization because the price of raw material determines the final price

of the product. Organizations need to monitor suppliers on a regular basis to know

the supply shortages and change in the price of inputs.

ii. Marketing Intermediaries:

It helps organizations in establishing a link with customers. They help in promoting,

selling, and distributing products.

Marketing intermediaries include the following:

a. Resellers:

It purchases the products from the organizations and sell to the customers.

Examples of resellers are wholesalers and retailers.

b. Distribution Centers:

It helps organizations to store the goods. A warehouse is an example of distribution

center.

c. Marketing Agencies:

It promotes the organization’s products by making the customers aware about

benefits of products. An advertising agency is an example of marketing agency.

d. Financial Intermediaries:

It provides finance for the business transactions. Examples of financial

intermediaries are banks, credit organizations, and insurance organizations.

iii. Customers:

Customers buy the product of the organization for final consumption. The main goal

of an organization is customer satisfaction. The organization undertakes the

research and development activities to analyze the needs of customers and

manufacture products according to those needs.

iv. Competitors:

It helps an organization to differentiate its product to maintain position in the market.

Competition refers to a situation where various organizations offer similar products

and try to gain market share by adopting different marketing strategies.

2. Macro Environment:

Macro environment involves a set of environmental factors that is beyond the control of

an organization. These factors influence the organizational activities to a significant

extent. Macro environment is subject to constant change. The changes in macro

environment bring opportunities and threats in an organization.

Let us discuss these factors in details:

i. Demographic Environment:

Demographic environment is the scientific study of human population in terms of

elements, such as age, gender, education, occupation, income, and location. It also

includes the increasing role of women and technology. These elements are also

called as demographic variables. Before marketing a product, a marketer collects the

information to find the suitable market for the product.

Demographic environment is responsible for the variation in the tastes and

preferences and buying patterns of individuals. The changes in demographic

environment persuade an organization to modify marketing strategies to address the

altering needs of customers.

ii. Economic Environment:

Economic environment affects the organization’s costs structure and customers’

purchasing power. The purchasing power of a customer depends on the current

income, prices of the product, savings, and credit availability.

The factors economic environment is as follows:

a. Inflation:

It influences the customers’ demand for different products. For example, higher petrol

prices lead to a fall in demand for cars.

b. Interest Rates:

It determines the borrowing activities of the organization. For example, increase in

interest rates for loan may lead organizations to cut their important activities.

c. Unemployment:

It leads to a no income state, which affects the purchasing power of an individual.

d. Customer Income:

It regulates the buying behavior of a customer. The change in the customer’s income

leads to changed spending patterns for the products, such as food and clothing.

e. Monetary and Fiscal Policy:

It affects all the organizations. The monetary policy stabilizes the economy by

controlling the interest rates and money supply in an economy; whereas, fiscal policy

regulates the government spending in various areas by collecting the revenue from

the citizens by taxing their income.

iii. Natural Environment:

Natural environment consists of natural resources, which are needed as raw

materials to manufacture products by the organization. The marketing activities affect

these natural resources, such as depletion of ozone layer due to the use of

chemicals. The corrosion of the natural environment is increasing day-by-day and is

becoming a global problem.

Following natural factors affect the marketing activities of an organization in a

great way:

a. Natural Resources:

It serves as raw material for manufacturing various products. Every organization

consumes natural resources for the production of its products. Organizations are

realizing the problem of depletion of resources and trying best to use these resources

judiciously. Thus, some organizations have indulged in de-marketing their products.

For example, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) tries to reduce the demand for its products

by promoting advertisements, such as Save Oil, Save India.

b. Weather:

It leads to opportunities or threats for the organizations. For example, in summer,

demand for water coolers, air conditioners, cotton clothes, and water increases while

in winter, the demand for woolen clothes and room heaters rises. The marketing

environment is greatly influenced by the weather conditions of a country.

c. Pollution:

It includes air, water, and noise pollution, which lead to environmental degradation.

Now-a-days, organizations tend to promote environment friendly products through its

marketing activities. For example, the organizations promote the usage of jute and

paper bags instead of plastic bags.

iv. Socio-Cultural Environment:

Socio-cultural environment comprises forces, such as society’s basic values,

attitudes, perception, and behavior. These forces help in determining that what type

of products customers prefer, what influences the purchase attitude or decision,

which brand they prefer, and at what time they buy the products. The socio-cultural

environment explains the characteristics of the society in which the organization

exists. The analysis of socio-cultural environment helps an organization in identifying

the threats and opportunities in an organization.

For example, the lifestyles of people are changing day-by-day. Now, the women are

perceived as an active earning member of the family. If all the members of a family

are working then the family has less time to spend for shopping. This has led to the

development of shopping malls and super markets, where individuals could get

everything under one roof to save their time.

v. Technological Environment:

Technology contributes to the economic growth of a country. It has become an

indispensable part of our lives. Organizations that fail to track ongoing technological

changes find it difficult to survive in today’s competitive environment.

Technology acts as a rapidly changing force, which creates new opportunities for the

marketers to acquire the market share. Marketers with the help of technology can

create and deliver products matching the life style of customers. Thus, marketers

should observe the changing trends in technology.

Following points explain the technological trends that affect the marketing

environment:

a. Pace of Technological Change:

It leads to product obsolescence at a rapid pace. If the pace of technological change

is very rapid then organizations need to modify their products as and when required.

On the other hand, if the technology is not changing at a rapid pace then there is no

need for the organization to bring constant changes in the product.

b. Research and Development:

It helps in increasing growth opportunities for an organization. Many organizations

have developed a separate team for R&D to bring innovation in its products.

Pharmaceutical organizations, such as Ranbaxy and Cipla, have started putting

greater force in R&D and these efforts have led to great opportunities in global

market.

c. Increased Regulation:

It refers to government guidelines to ban unsafe products. Marketers should be

aware of these regulations to prevent their violation. Every pharmaceutical

organization takes the approval of the Drugs Controller of India, which lays down the

standards for drugs manufacturing.

vi. Political and Legal Environment:

Political and legal environment consists of legal bodies and government agencies

that influence and limit the organizations and individuals. Every organization should

take care of the fact that marketing activities should not harm the political and legal

environment prevailing in a country. The political and legal environment has a serious

impact on the economic environment of a country. For example, in some regions of

Uttar Pradesh, Reliance Fresh had to shut down its stores because of the lack of

political support. 

Project TYBBA

 First Five Pages of the Project:

Click the link attached here:

 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uMkPAiaI_ISsDqsU168grkuZmBLKePxI/view?usp=share_link

1. Important guidelines while writing the project report 

 Medium of instruction should be simple and good English while writing the report. Avoid grammatical errors. 

 Follow all the structure of the report as mentioned above.

  Avoid ambiguity define and clearly state the problem and objectives. Important to include references, bibliography and list of tables.

  The report should also include a Certificate from the guide and acknowledgments for support provided by different people while undertaking the project (if any)

  The report should be in around 40 to 50pages.(minimum) 

 The following should be included in the Project Report in the same sequence as given below: 

1) Acknowledgment - to all those who have helped the student complete the project.

 2) Certificate from the guide (if help from a guide has been taken). (See appendix I)

 3) Table of contents, chapter wise with the appropriate page numbers. 

4) Actual project content following the given format.

 5) Bibliography - It is important for students to list the Book